| SAG Strain Number: | 211-11b |
| TAXONOMY |
| Genus: | Chlorella |
| Species: | vulgaris |
| Taxonomic position: | Chlorophyta - Trebouxiophyceae |
| Authority: | Beijerinck |
| Variety: | |
| Formerly called: | |
| Authentic: | yes |
| Division: | Chlorophyta |
| Class: | Trebouxiophyceae |
| ORIGIN |
| General habitat: | freshwater |
| Climatic zone: | temperate |
| Continent: | Europe |
| Country: | Netherlands |
| Locality: | eutrophic shallow pond near Delft |
| Lat. / Long. (Precision): | 52.011513 / 4.358740 (20000m) View on Google Maps |
| Year: | April 1889 |
| Isolated by: | M. W. Beijerinck |
| Strain number by isolator: | as Chlorella vulgaris, later Delft No. 35 as C. miniata |
| Deposition by: | E.G. Pringsheim (< Meyer Prague Nr. 35 < Westerdijk Delft) |
| Deposition date: | 1954 |
| CULTURE INFORMATION |
| Culture medium: | ESP Ag |
| Axenic: | axenic |
| Strain relatives: | CCAP 211/11B; UTEX 259 |
| Agitation resistance: | yes |
| Special properties: | NO known Nagoya Protocol restrictions for this strain; oldest strain of the SAG; potential test strain for ecotoxicity testing (DIN 38412, Teil 33 (DEV L 33); ISO 8692 (1989); OECD 201 (2011)) |
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| PUBLICATIONS |
| Publication: | Aigner S. et al. (2020) Adaptation to Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments in Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta). Front. Microbiol. 11:2451 |
| Publication: | Mócsai R. et al. (2020) A first view on the unsuspected intragenus diversity of N‐glycans in Chlorella microalgae. Plant J. 103:184-196 |
| Publication: | Pozzobon V. et al. (2020) Machine learning processing of microalgae flow cytometry readings: illustrated with Chlorella vulgaris viability assays. J. Appl. Phycol. |
| Publication: | Pulgarin A. et al. (2020) A novel proposition for a citrate-modified photo-Fenton process against bacterial contamination of microalgae cultures. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 265:118615 |
| Publication: | Darienko T. et al. (2019) Are there any true marine Chlorella species? Molecular phylogenetic assessment and ecology of marine Chlorella-like organisms, including a description of Droopiella gen. nov. Systematics and Biodiversity 17 (8):811-829 |
| Publication: | Dunker S. (2019) Hidden Secrets Behind Dots: Improved Phytoplankton Taxonomic Resolution Using High-Throughput Imaging Flow Cytometry. Cytometry Part A 95 (8):854-868 |
| Publication: | Bajerski F. et al. (2018) ATP Content and Cell Viability as Indicators for Cryostress Across the Diversity of Life. Front. Physiol. 9:921 |
| Publication: | Dunker S. et al. (2018) Combining high-throughput imaging, flow cytometry and deep learning for efficient species and life-cycle stage identification of phytoplankton. BMC Ecol. 18:51 |
| Publication: | Dunker S. et al. (2018) Cell Wall Structure of Coccoid Green Algae as an Important Trade-Off Between Biotic Interference Mechanisms and Multidimensional Cell Growth. Frontiers in Microbiology 9:719 |
| Publication: | Sakarika, M. et al. (2017) Kinetics of growth and lipids accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris during batch heterotrophic cultivation: Effect of different nutrient limitation strategies. Bioresour Technol 243:356-365 |
| Publication: | Gruber-Brunhumer, M. R. et al. (2016) Associated effects of storage and mechanical pre-treatments of microalgae biomass on biomethane yields in anaerobic digestion. Biomass and Bioenergy 93:259-268 |
| Publication: | Hodac, L. et al. (2016) Widespread green algae Chlorella and Stichococcus exhibit polar-temperate and tropical-temperate biogeography. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 92 (8) |
| Publication: | Markou, Giorgos et al. (2016) Applying raw poultry litter leachate for the cultivation of Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella vulgaris. Algal Research 13:79-84 |
| Publication: | Morschett, Holger et al. (2016) Simplified cryopreservation of the microalga Chlorella vulgaris integrating a novel concept for cell viability estimation. Engineering in Life Sciences 16 (1):36-44 |
| Publication: | Steudel, Bastian et al. (2016) Contrasting biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in phylogenetic and functional diversity. New Phytologist 212 (2 ): 409-420 |
| Publication: | Torri C. et al. (2016) Fast Procedure for the Analysis of Hydrothermal Liquefaction Biocrude with Stepwise Py-GC-MS and Data Interpretation Assisted by Means of Non-negative Matrix Factorization. Energy & Fuels 30 (2):1135-1144 |
| Publication: | Vandamme, D. et al. (2016) Inhibition of alkaline flocculation by algal organic matter for Chlorella vulgaris. Water Res 88:301-7 |
| Publication: | Beuckels, Annelies et al. (2015) Nitrogen availability influences phosphorus removal in microalgae-based wastewater treatment. Water Research 77:98-106 |
| Publication: | Krienitz, L. et al. (2015) Chlorella: 125 years of the green survivalist. Trends Plant Sci 20 (2):67-9 |
| Publication: | Rajevic, N. et al. (2015) Algal endosymbionts in European Hydra strains reflect multiple origins of the zoochlorella symbiosis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 93:55-62 |
| Publication: | Rajevic, N. et al. (2015) Algal endosymbionts in European Hydra strains reflect multiple origins of the zoochlorella symbiosis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 93:55-62 |
| Publication: | Goiris K. et al. (2014) Detection of flavonoids in microalgae from different evolutionary lineages. J. Phycol. 50 (3):483-492 |
| Publication: | Mudimu O. et al. (2014) Biotechnological screening of microalgal and cyanobacterial strains for biogas production and antibacterial and antifungal effects. Metabolites 4 (2):373-393 |
| Publication: | Prakash Binnal et al. (2014) Lipid productivity of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis oculata in externally illuminated lab scale photobioreactor. International Journal of ChemTech Research 7 (5):2217-2221 |
| Publication: | Salim S. et al. (2014) Mechanism behind autoflocculation of unicellular green microalgae Ettlia texensis. Journal of Biotechnology 174:34-38 |
| Publication: | López Barreiro D. et al. (2013) Influence of strain-specific parameters on hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae. Bioresource Technology 146:463-471 |
| Publication: | Steudel B. et al. (2012) Biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning change along environmental stress gradients. Ecology Letters 15 (12):1397–1405 |
| Publication: | Bock C., Krienitz L. et al. (2011) Taxonomic reassessment of the genus Chlorella (Trebouxiophyceae) using molecular signatures (barcodes), including description of seven new species. Fottea 11 (2):293–312 |
| Publication: | Gustavs et al. (2011) POLYOL PATTERNS IN BIOFILM-FORMING AEROTERRESTRIAL GREEN ALGAE (TREBOUXIOPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYTA). J. Phycol. 47:533-537 |
| Publication: | Lang, I. et al. (2011) Fatty acid profiles and their distribution patterns in microalgae: a comprehensive analysis of more than 2000 strains from the SAG culture collection. BMC Plant Biol 11:124 |
| Publication: | Ryckebosch E. et al. (2011) Optimization of an Analytical Procedure for Extraction of Lipids from Microalgae. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 89 (2):189-198 |
| Publication: | Salim, S. et al. (2011) Harvesting of microalgae by bio-flocculation. J Appl Phycol 23 (5):849-855 |
| Publication: | Vandamme, D. et al. (2011) Evaluation of electro-coagulation-flocculation for harvesting marine and freshwater microalgae. Biotechnol Bioeng 108 (10):2320-9 |
| Publication: | Vogel, Manja (2011) Zur Aufnahme und Bindung von Uran(VI) durch die Grünalge Chlorella vulgaris. |
| Publication: | Görs M. et al. (2010) THE POTENTIAL OF ERGOSTEROL AS CHEMOTAXONOMIC MARKER TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN ‘‘CHLORELLA’’ SPECIES (CHLOROPHYTA). J. Phycol. 46:1296–1300 |
| Publication: | Lapaille et al. (2010) Atypical Subunit Composition of the Chlorophycean Mitochondrial F1FO-ATP Synthase and Role of Asa7 Protein in Stability and Oligomycin Resistance of the Enzyme. 27 (7):1630-1644 |
| Publication: | Pröschold, T. et al. (2010) Polyphyletic distribution of bristle formation in Chlorellaceae: Micractinium, Diacanthos, Didymogenes and Hegewaldia gen. nov. (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). Phycol. Res. 58 (1):1-8 |
| Publication: | Vogel, M. et al. (2010) Biosorption of U(VI) by the green algae Chlorella vulgaris in dependence of pH value and cell activity. Science of The Total Environment 409 (2):384–395 |
| Publication: | Görs M. et al. (2009) Quality analysis of commercial Chlorella products used as dietary supplement in human nutrition. Journal of Applied Phycology 22 (3):265-276 |
| Publication: | Kamjunke, Norbert et al. (2008) ALGAE AS COMPETITORS FOR GLUCOSE WITH HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA. Journal of Phycology 44 (3):616-623 |
| Publication: | Vogel, M. et al. (2008) Microscopic and spectroscopic investigation of U(VI) interaction with monocellular green algae. In: Merkel, B.J. et al. [Eds.] Uranium, Mining and Hydrogeology |
| Publication: | Müller, J. et al. (2007) Assessing genetic stability of a range of terrestrial microalgae after cryopreservation using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Am. J. Bot. 94 (5):799-808 |
| Publication: | Luo W. et al. (2006) Genotype versus Phenotype Variability in Chlorella and Micractinium (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae). Protist 157 (3):315-333 |
| Publication: | Shi, J. et al. (2006) Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater using microalgae immobilized on twin layers: an experimental study. J. Appl. Phycol. 19 (5):417-423 |
| Publication: | Habetha, M. et al. (2005) Symbiotic Hydra express a plant-like peroxidase gene during oogenesis. J Exp Biol 208 (Pt 11):2157-65 |
| Publication: | Müller,J. et al. (2005) Distinction between multiple isolates of Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae) and testing for conspecificity using amplified fragment length polymorphism and its rDNA sequences. J. Phycol. 41 (6):1236-1247 |
| Publication: | Krienitz,L. et al. (2004) Phylogenetic relationship of Chlorella and Parachlorella gen. nov. (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae). Phycologia 43 (5):529-542 |
| Publication: | Friedl, T. et al. (2002) Phylogenetic relationships of green algae assigned to the genus Planophila (Chlorophyta): evidence from 18S rDNA sequence data and ultrastructure. Eur. J. Phycol. 37:373-384 |
| Publication: | Linz, B. et al. (1999) Correlation between virus-sensitivity and isoenzyme spectrum in symbiotic Chlorella-like algae. Protistology 1 (2):76-81 |
| Publication: | Huss, V.A.R. et al. (1993) There is an ecological basis for host/symbiont specificity in Chlorella/Hydra symbioses. Endocyt. Cell Res. 10 (1-2):35-46 |
| Publication: | Huss, V.A. et al. (1990) Phylogenetic position of some Chlorella species within the chlorococcales based upon complete small-subunit ribosomal RNA sequences. J. Mol. Evol. 31 (5):432-442 |
| Publication: | Huss V.A. et al. (1989) Primary structure of the chloroplast small subunit ribosomal RNA gene from Chlorella vulgaris. Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (22):9487 |
| Publication: | Huss, V.A. et al. (1989) Primary structure of the Chlorella vulgaris small subunit ribosomal RNA coding region. Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (3):1255 |
| Publication: | Rahat M. et al. (1986) ALGAL ENDOSYMBIOSIS IN BROWN HYDRA: HOST/SYMBIONT SPECIFICITY. J. Cell Sci. 86:273-286 |
| Publication: | Reisser, W. et al. (1986) Studies on ultrastructure and host range of a Chlorella attacking virus. Protoplasma 135 (2):162-165 |
| Publication: | Reisser, Werner (1984) The taxonomy of green algae endosymbiotic in ciliates and a sponge. 19:309-318 |
| Publication: | Niess, Dörte et al. (1982) Photobehaviour of Paramecium bursaria infected with different symbiotic and aposymbiotic species of Chlorella. Planta 156 (5):475-480 |
| Publication: | Kessler, E. (1976) Comparative physiology, biochemistry, and the taxonomy of Chlorella (Chlorophyceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 125 (3):129-138 |
| Publication: | Kessler, E. (1967) Physiologische und biochemische Beiträge zur Taxonomie der Gattung Chlorella III. Merkmale von 8 autotrophen Arten. Archiv für Mikrobiologie 55 (4):346-357 |
| Publication: | Kessler, E. et al. (1962) Biochemical Contributions to the Taxonomy of the Genus Chlorella. Nature 194:1096-1097 |
| Publication: | Pringsheim E.G. (1951) Die Sammlung von Algen-, Flagellaten- und Mooskulturen am Botanischen Institut der Universität Cambridge. Culture collection of algae and protozoa, botany school, University of Cambridge, England. Archiv. Mikrobiol. 16:1-17 |
| Publication: | Beijerinck, M.W. (1890) Culturversuche mit Zoochlorellen, Lichenengonidien und anderen niederen Algen. Z. Bot. 45-4:725-785 |
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| SEQUENCE INFORMATION |
| Sequence Accession: | AY323465 Chlorella vulgaris strain SAG 211-11b internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence. (259 bp) |
| Sequence Accession: | AF499684 Chlorella vulgaris strain SAG 211-11b voucher SAG:211-11b ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene, partial cds; chloroplast. (1358 bp) |
| Sequence Accession: | AY591508 Chlorella vulgaris strain SAG 211-11b 18S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; internal transcribed spacer 1, 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, and internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence; and 26S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. (765 bp) |
| Sequence Accession: | X13688 18S ribosomal RNA gene (1798 bp) |
| Sequence Accession: | FM205832 Chlorella vulgaris 18S rRNA gene (partial), ITS1, 5.8S rRNA gene, ITS2 and 28S rRNA gene (partial), strain SAG 211-11b. (2496 bp) |
| Sequence Accession: | FR694223 Chlorella vulgaris 5S rRNA gene (partial), IGS and 26S rRNA gene (partial), specimen voucher SAG:211-11b, clone Ac15I1MB. (1368 bp) |
| Sequence Accession: | FR694222 Chlorella vulgaris 5S rRNA gene (partial), IGS and 26S rRNA gene (partial), specimen voucher SAG:211-11b, clone Ac15I1MAC. (1368 bp) |
| Sequence Accession: | FR694221 Chlorella vulgaris 5S rRNA gene (partial), IGS and 26S rRNA gene (partial), specimen voucher SAG:211-11b, clone Ac15I1MA21. (1368 bp) |
| Sequence Accession: | FR694220 Chlorella vulgaris 5S rRNA gene (partial), IGS and 26S rRNA gene (partial), specimen voucher SAG:211-11b, clone Ac15I1MA24. (1357 bp) |
| Sequence Accession: | FR694219 Chlorella vulgaris 5S rRNA gene (partial), IGS and 26S rRNA gene (partial), specimen voucher SAG:211-11b, clone Ac15I1MB16. (976 bp) |
| Sequence Accession: | FR694218 Chlorella vulgaris 5S rRNA gene (partial), IGS and 26S rRNA gene (partial), specimen voucher SAG:211-11b, clone Ac15I1MB13. (952 bp) |
| Sequence Accession: | FR694217 Chlorella vulgaris 5S rRNA gene (partial), IGS and 26S rRNA gene (partial), specimen voucher SAG:211-11b, clone Ac15I1MAA. (741 bp) |
| Sequence Accession: | FR694216 Chlorella vulgaris 5S rRNA gene (partial), IGS and 26S rRNA gene (partial), specimen voucher SAG:211-11b, clone Ac15I1MA20. (992 bp) |
| Sequence Accession: | FR694215 Chlorella vulgaris 5S rRNA gene (partial), IGS and 26S rRNA gene (partial), specimen voucher SAG:211-11b, clone Ac15I1MB12. (1020 bp) |
| show more sequences ... |
| CRYO |
| Cryopreservation: | good survival |
| TEACHING |
| Recommended for teaching: | yes |
